1652. They carry a crosier stylised with serpents representing the staff of Moses during sacraments. 2- Sending an email jointly to: dayroger2002@hotmail.com and sopj@syriacpatriarchate.org mentioning: Your tracking number (MTCN) of Western Union. [163][164][165], E.A.E Arch Diocese is the missionary association of Syriac Orthodox Church founded in 1924 by Geevarghese Athunkal Cor-Episcopa at Perumbavoor. Since 1922, the term "Syrian" started being used for things named after the Syrian Federation. Errors verified have been corrected. 897) speaks of Jacobite origins, and on the veneration of Jacob Baradaeus. Jacobite Syrian Cristian Chruch Happy Child House project started in 2019 provides childcare services in Damascus, Syria. We focus on three areas of assistance through the EPDC Relief , Development and Peace Building Initiatives, Food & NFIs distribution , Winterization items .. etc. Worked with young people to strengthen their connection to their Syrian identity and to work with them to explore the history and learn about other Syrian Culture. The patriarch must give all his assets to the Syriac Orthodox Church. In 1959, the patriarchate was transferred to Damascus. [83], In 1870, there were 22 Syriac Orthodox settlements in the vicinity of Diyarbakr. If you have questions, please feel free contact. List of Primates (bishops and patriarchs) of Antioch, Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East: Historical Overview, Primates of the Apostolic See of Antioch (Orthodox Succession), Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America, List of Patriarchs of Antioch (Wikipedia), https://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=List_of_Patriarchs_of_Antioch&oldid=125256. What is SOPJ? [100], An ordained deaconess is entitled to enter the sanctuary only for cleaning, lighting the lamps and is limited to give Holy Communion to women and the children who are under the age of five. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [138][139], In the Syriac diaspora, there are approximately 80,000 members in the United States, 80,000 in Sweden, 100,000 in Germany, 15,000 in the Netherlands, 200,000 members in Brazil, Switzerland, and Austria.[140]. The different orders of liturgies used for sanctification of church buildings, marriages, ordinations etc., reveal that the primacy of Peter is a part of faith of the church. [56] Because of the significance attributed to Ignatius of Antioch in the church, most of the Syriac Orthodox patriarchs since 1293 have used the name of Ignatius in the title of the Patriarch preceding their own Patriarchal name.[57]. of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch & All the East, from 1160 until 1933 The Christological controversies that followed the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451 resulted in a long struggle for the Patriarchate between those who accepted and those who rejected the Council. [159] They established churches in Quilon, Kadamattom, Kayamkulam, Udayamperoor, and Akaparambu. [171] Dayro d-Mor Awgen, Arth, Switzerland,Dayro d-Mor Ya`qub d-Sarug, Warburg, Germany are the other monasteries located in Europe. [49] Patriarch Babylas of Antioch was considered the first saint recorded as having had his remains moved or "translated" for religious purposesa practice that was to become extremely common in later centuries. There is an honorary rank among the priests that are Corepiscopos who has the privileges of "first among the priests" and is given a chain with a cross and specific vestment decorations. The Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East is the head of the Syriac Orthodox Church. following list. Providing medical services through a network of doctors and Medical institutions, and cover medical expenses including surgeries, X-rays and medicine. on Statement of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, on Final Statement of the MECC Executive Committee Meeting, on Statement of the Regional Episcopal Synod of India, on Communiqu of the Meeting of the AnglicanOriental Orthodox International Commission Cairo 2019, on Statement of the Meeting of the Heads of the Christian Churches in Damascus, on Common Statement The Five-Year Anniversary of the Abducted Bishops of Aleppo, on Peacemaking Initiative of Christian Leaders, Syriac Orthodox Patriarchal Journal 54 (2016), Performance of the Syriac Scouts of the Lady of the Zunoro, Visit of the Chaldean Archbishop of Lebanon, Visit of the Metropolitan of the Evangelical Association of the East, Visit of the Charge dAffaires of the Indian Embassy in Syria, Meeting with the Clergy & Council of Archdiocese of Mount Lebanon, Visit of the Assistant to the Special UN Envoy to Syria, Holy Qurobo for the feast of the Syriac Martyrs of Sayfo, Meeting of the General Secretariat of the Holy Synod. The Syriac Orthodox Church , Classical Syriac is the official and liturgical language of the church. Ephrem, Aphrahat, and Maruthas unequivocally acknowledged the office of Peter. The Syriac Orthodox Church (Classical Syriac: , romanized:Idto Sryoyto Trath Shubo;[11] Arabic: , Malayalam: , romanized:Suriyni rtdx Saba),[12] also known as West Syriac Church or West Syrian Church,[13] officially known as the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East,[14] and informally as the Jacobite Church,[15] is an Oriental Orthodox church that branched from the Church of Antioch. The, On July 24, 2023, His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II received His Eminence Mor Chrysostomos Markose, Metropolitan of the Evangelical Association of the East, at the Patriarchal Residence in, On July 12, 2023, His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II received His Excellency Shri V. Muraleedharan, Indian Minister of State for External Affairs, accompanied by the Charge dAffaires of, On July 4, 2023, His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II met the priests, members of the Archdiocesan Council and institutions of the Archdiocese of Mount Lebanon and Tripoli, at, On June 23, 2023, His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II received His Excellency Mr. Antoine Laham, Assistant to the Special UN Envoy to Syria Mr. Geir Pederson, at the, On June 15, 2023, His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II presided over the Holy Qurobo for the feast of the Syriac Martyrs of Sayfo, and on the occasion of, On June 9, 2023, His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II celebrated the Holy Qurobo at the altar of the Virgin Mary Church in the Patriarchal Residence in Atchaneh, Lebanon,, On Tuesday, June 6, 2023, upon the invitation of His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East and Supreme Head of the Syriac Orthodox. [128], Bishops usually wear a black or a red robe with a red belt. [96][97], The supreme head of the Syriac Orthodox Church is named Patriarch of Antioch, in reference to his titular pretense to one of the five patriarchates of the Pentarchy of Byzantine Christianity. Elie Hachem-Khalif, Universit du Saint-Esprit, Kaslik, Dr Aho Shemunkasho, University of Salzburg, Dr. George A. Kiraz, Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute / Gorgias Press, H.E. [71], In the 12th century, several Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs visited Antioch and some established temporary residences. Vocational training is addressing a different target groups: this program aim to support Education in Syria in many ways: This initiatives aims to advocate for peace, Tolerance and social cohesion: Working with 450 IDPs children in the sections of Informal Education, Psychosocial support and Recreational Activities to develop their skills and heal from the consequences of the ongoing conflict. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Helping people is their Right and every member of the committee duty. [59][60][61] Those who belonged to the pro-Chalcedonian party accepted newly appointed patriarch Paul, who took over the see of Antioch. Then he wears a girdle called zenoro, and zende, meaning sleeves. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Syriac-Orthodox-Patriarchate-of-Antioch-and-All-the-East, Official Site of Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch. St. Ephrem Patriarchal Development Committee. List of Syriac Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch - Wikipedia The Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch started this current humanitarian project starting at the beginning of the crisis in Iraq, when people started to flee from Iraq to Syria in 2003 and continued in the years that followed. The Church is an active member of the World Council of Churches since 1960 and Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas was one of the former presidents of WCC. On June 5, 2023, His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II presided over the meeting of the General Secretariat of the Holy Synod, at the Presidential Residence in Atchaneh, Lebanon. On 6 November 512, at the synod of Laodicea in Syria, a prominent miapyhsite theologian Severus the Great was elected, and consecrated on 16 November at the Great Church of Antioch. Current Patriarch of Antioch, Ignatius Joseph III Yonan The Syriac Catholic Patriarch of Antioch is the head of the Syriac Catholic Church.According to tradition, the patriarchate of Antioch was established by Saint Peter in the 1st century AD, but split into two separate lines of patriarchs after the deposition of Patriarch Severus of Antioch in 518 over the issue of the Council of Chalcedon . [36] Church traditions crystallized into ethnogenesis through the preservation of their stories and customs by the 12th century. Supporting all kind of talents Art, Composing , singing.. etc and to Encourage young people to use their talents for building peace in Syria. Evaluating the Antiochian-Syriac Joint Declaration On 18 October 1166 he was elected Patriarch of the Jacobite church, and consecrated in the presence of twenty-eight bishops. [101] She can read scriptures, Holy Gospel in a public gathering. The Malankara Church consolidated under Mar Thoma I welcomed Gregorios Abdal Jaleel, who regularised the canonical ordination of Mar Thoma I as a native democratically elected Bishop of the Malabar Syrian Christians. The church has an international Christian education center for religious education. 2- Sending an email jointly to: dayroger2002@hotmail.com and sopj@syriacpatriarchate.org mentioning your complete and correct mailing address. Priests also have ceremonial shoes which are called msone. As resources permit, Special attention to children and women empowerment. Dorothea Weltecke concluded that the Syriac Orthodox population was very low in this period in Antioch and its surroundings. Bishop Jacob Baradaeus (died 578) is credited for ordaining most of the miaphysite hierarchy while facing heavy persecution in the sixth century. [103] The Old Testament of the Peshitta was translated from Hebrew, probably in the second century. Batrashil, or pallium, is worn over the phayno by bishops, like hamnikho worn by priests. He governs external relations with other churches and signs agreements, treaties, contracts, pastoral encyclicals (bulls), pastoral letters related to the affairs of the church.[98]. Our Programs While the Maronite Patriarch, who has always resided in Lebanon, claims the See of Antioch, two other Uniate Churches, split off from the Syriac Orthodox and (Melkite, ) Antiochian Orthodox, also claim the See of Antioch. This page has been accessed 72,756 times. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East [74], Among the preeminent churchmen of the period, Moses of Mardin (fl. Historically, in the Malankara Church, the local chief was called as Archdeacon, who was the ecclesiastical authority of the Saint Thomas Christians in the Malabar region of India. The local head of the church in Malankara (Kerala) is Baselios Thomas I, ordained by Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas in 2002 and accountable to the Patriarch of Antioch. [95], On 20 October 1987, Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala was declared a saint by Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, Patriarch permitting additions to the diptychs. For other uses, see, Traditional ecclesiastical jurisdictions of, . On August 10, 2023, His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II attended a performance of the Syriac Scouts of the Lady of the Zunoro, at the Lady of the Girdle, On August 7, 2023, His Holiness Patriarch Mor Ignatius Aphrem II received his Excellency Mgr. The local head of the church in Malankara is the Catholicose of . Following a period of violence and intrigue, the non-Catholic party was again recognized with their own patriarch and the Catholic line continued independently as the Syriac Catholic Church. [160], The Malankara Marthoma Syrian Church is an independent reformed church under the jurisdiction of Marthoma Metropolitan and its first Reforming Metropolitan Mathews Athanasius was ordained by Ignatius Elias II in 1842. In 1168 he made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and then stayed for a year at Antioch. The Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch and All the East has very seldom lived in Antioch itself; his usual residence was the monastery of Dayr al-Zafarn (Deyrulzafaran) near Mardin, near Diyarbakr in eastern Turkey. The Chalcedonian understanding is that Christ is "in two natures, full humanity and full divinity". Then there is a white robe called kutino symbolizing purity. The church's members are divided into 26 Archdioceses, and 13 Patriarchal Vicariates. List of Syriac Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch - Wikiwand [75], By the early 1660s, 75% of the 5,000 Syriac Orthodox of Aleppo had converted to Catholicism following the arrival of mendicant missionaries. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The church gained its hierarchical distinctiveness in 512, when pro-Chalcedonian patriarch Flavian II of Antioch was deposed by Byzantine emperor Anastasius I Dicorus,[19] and a synod was held at Laodicea in Syria in order to choose his successor,[20] a prominent Miaphysite theologian Severus the Great (d. In Antioch "The disciples were first called Christians" (Acts 11:26). The 189596 massacres in Turkey affected the Armenian and Syriac Orthodox communities when an estimated 105,000 Christians were killed. Where to purchase SOPJ? Prince Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, Aboon() (Translates to Our Father) (used by most clergy in the Syriac Orthodox Church) (used in the title of the, Supreme Head of the Syriac Orthodox Church (, Supreme Head of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Church (Syriac: , This page was last edited on 12 June 2023, at 14:49. After the Patriarch, the second highest Rank in the Syriac Orthodox Church is that of the Maphrian or the Catholicos of India. Corepiscopos wear a black or a purple robe with a purple belt. John III of the Sedre was elected and consecrated Patriarch after the death of Athanasius I Gammolo in 631 A.D., followed by the fall of Roman Syria and the Muslim conquest of the Levant. [68][69][70], In Antioch, after the 11th-century persecutions, the Syriac Orthodox population was almost extinguished. Saaka, kaniisatii as-Suryaaniyya. Corepiscopos is the highest rank a married man can be elevated to in the Syriac Orthodox Church. The Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch is the bishop of Antioch, and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church ( Syriac: ). Like many Coptic (Egyptian), Ethiopian, Armenian, and Indian Christians, this group of Syrian Christians held a Christological doctrine that later became known as miaphysitism, a term derived from the Greek words for single (mia) and nature (physis). [77] Despite the warning and gifts to priests, frequent conflicts and violent arguments continued between the Catholic and Orthodox Syriacs. [181] [111] They were fully convinced of the unique office of Peter in the early Christian community. [63] That was done in opposition to the government-backed Patriarchate of Antioch held by the pro-Chalcedonian believers leading to the Syriac Orthodox Church being known popularly as the "Jacobite" Church, while the Chalcedonian believers were known popularly as Melkitescoming from the Syriac word for king (malka), an implication of the Chalcedonian Church's relationship to the Roman Emperor (later emphasised by the Melkite Greek Catholic Church). Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [29][30], Syriac-speaking Christians have referred to themselves as "rmy/ry/Sryy" in native Aramaic terms based on their ethnic identity. The church gained its hierarchical distinctiveness in 512, when pro-Chalcedonian patriarch Flavian II of Antioch was deposed by Byzantine emperor Anastasius I Dicorus, while the pro-Chalcedonian faction would form to become the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [33], The church is not ethnically exclusive, but two main ethnic groups in the community contest their ethnic identification as "Assyrians" and "Arameans". Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The Syriac Orthodox Church is active in ecumenical dialogues with various churches,[29][30] including the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Churches, Anglican Communion, Syriac Church of the East, and other Christian denominations. In 512, pro-Chalcedonian patriarch Flavian II of Antioch was deposed by Emperor Anastasius I (d. 518), and new patriarch Severus of Antioch (d. 538) was chosen to succeed him. Powered by WordPress. It has also been involved in the Middle East Council of Churches since 1974. In the 5th and 6th centuries a large body of Christians in Syria repudiated the patriarchs of Antioch who had supported the Council of Chalcedon (451) both in its affirmation of the dual nature (both human and divine) of Jesus Christ and in its denunciation of monophysitism, the doctrine that Christ has only a divine nature. There are therefore three Patriarchs of Antioch all in communion with Rome. Since 1998, representatives of SOC, together with representatives of other Oriental Orthodox Churches, participate in the Ecumenical dialogue, and also in various forms of the Interfaith dialogue. The source for the following list is: Ishaaq Only one Jacobite church is attested in Antioch in the first half of the 12th century, while a second and third are attested in the second half of the century, perhaps due to refugee influx. [26][27][28] Since 2014, Ignatius Aphrem II is the current Patriarch of Antioch. All Rights Reserved. Apart from certain readings, prayers are sung in the form of chants and melodies. The Journal costs 47 / $US50 and can be purchased locally at: Mor Aphrem Center, 55 West Midland Ave, Paramus, New Jersey 07652, USA, Sankt Ignatios Theological Academy, Tvetaberg Steri, 151 66 Sdertlje, SWEDEN, St. Jacob Baradeus Monastery, Atchaneh, LEBANON, St. Aphrem Theological Seminary, Maarrat Saydnaya, SYRIA. After the Arab conquest of Syria (7th century), each church in the Caliphate and in Muslim states generally was treated as a millet, or religious community, governed by its own laws and courts under its own clergy. [122][123] According to the Syriac tradition, an ecclesiastical day starts at sunset and the Canonical hours are based on West Syriac Rite: The seven Holy Sacraments of the church are: The clergy of the Syriac Orthodox Church has unique liturgical vestments with their order in the priesthood: the deacons, the priests, the chorbishops, the bishops, and the patriarch each have different vestments. Mor Ivanios Paulose Al-Souky. India - Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch Provide the necessary needs to ensure that people living in poverty and under oppression have the ability to improve their living conditions and develop their capabilities to have a better life. They now live mainly in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Turkey, with smaller numbers in Jordan, Egypt, and the United States. Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East The current see of the church is the Cathedral of Saint George, Bab Tuma, Damascus, Syria, since 1959. The following is a list of all the incumbents of the office of Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch . ", "Answering the Call of the Minaret: Christian Apologetics in the World of Islam", "The Identity Formation of Syrian Orthodox Christians as Reflected in Two Exegetical Collections: First Soundings", "Ethnicity, Ethnogenesis and the Identity of Syriac Orthodox Christians", "Kthobonoyo Syriac: Some Observations and Remarks", "Negotiating Identity with the Homeland: The Syriac Orthodox of North America in the Early Twentieth Century", "Peter, Paul and James of Jerusalem: The Doctrinal and Political Evolution of the Eastern and Oriental Churches", "The Origin of the Terms Syria(n) and Suryoyo: Once Again", "The Evolution of the Syrian Orthodox Church in the Pre-Islamic Period: From Greek to Syriac? SOR will verify the other observations and revise the list. This program objective is to create job opportunities for IDPs along with the most vulnerable families from the hosting communities, to maintain stable income for them, with a special attention to female headed household, from these projects: Solid waste disposal & Cash for work Project, Supporting IDPs women through providing Job opportunities in Dekron & Wools workshops, Helping IDPs Carpenters to go back to their career through working in a furniture workshop. Simhasana Churches and Honavar Mission is under the direct control of Patriarch. In 544, Jacob Baradeus ordained Sergius of Tella continuing the non-Chalcedonian succession of patriarchs of the Church of Antioch. [35] The Syriac Orthodox identity included auxiliary cultural traditions of the Assyrian Empire and Aramean kingdoms. Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East The church has archdioceses and patriarchal vicariates in countries covering six continents. In recent centuries, its parishioners started to emigrate to other countries over the world. [153] The Syriac Orthodox Christians of the Middle East speak Aramaic. The official title of the Patriarch of Antioch is: His Holiness/Thrice Blessed Moran Mor Ignatius (Monastic Name) (Roman Numeral to distinguish from other Patriarchs of the same name) Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, and Supreme Head of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Church. List of patriarchs [ edit] Patriarchs of Antioch before 512 [ edit] [141][142], In the Guatemala region, a Charismatic movement emerged in 2003 was excommunicated in 2006 by the Roman Catholic Church later joined the church in 2013. [47] The earliest recorded use of the term "Christianity" (Greek: ) was by Ignatius of Antioch, in around 100AD. [158] Syriac monks Mar Sabor and Mar Proth arrived at Malankara between the eighth and ninth centuries from Persia. He is sometimes also called the Greek Patriarch of Antioch to distinguish from the primate of the non-Chalcedonian Jacobite Church. [89] During 191516, the number of Orthodox Syriacs in the Diyarbakr province was reduced by 72%, and in the Mardin province by 58%. In the 15th century, the term "Orthodox" (from Greek: "orthodoxa"; "correct opinion") was used to identify churches that practiced the set of doctrines believed by the early Christians. [182] This page was last edited on April 20, 2018, at 03:26. The ranks above the Corepiscopos are unmarried. 1- The Patriarchate - Damascus, Syria Tel: +963 11 5424400 /1 /2 /3 Fax: +963 11 5424404 Postal Address: Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Patriarchal Vicariates in the Middle East includes Damascus, Mardin, Turabdin, Zahle, UAE and the Arab States of the Persian Gulf. Syriac Orthodox churches use the Peshitta (Syriac: simple, common) as its Bible. Contrary to the allegations of their detractors, the Syrian and other miaphsyite Christians did not deny Christs human nature nor emphasize his divine nature. He is important functionary in guiding the church when the patriarchate falls vacant after the death of a Patriarch, overseeing the election of the next Patriarch and leading the ceremony for the ordination of the Patriarch. [108] In terms of Christology, the Oriental Orthodox (Non-Chalcedonian) understanding is that Christ is "One Naturethe Logos Incarnate, of the full humanity and full divinity". According to tradition, the patriarchate of Antioch was established by Saint Peter in the 1st century AD, but split into two separate lines of patriarchs after the deposition of Patriarch Severus of Antioch in 518 over the issue of the Council of Chalcedon of 451. The chronological spiral on the Patriarchal throne Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch - Wikipedia Syrian Orthodox Archbishopric Mor Siman Al-Amoudi, St. Sulaimanieh P.O. Since the 1910s, the identity of Syriac Orthodoxy in the Ottoman Empire was principally religious and linguistic. Patriarchal Journal | Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch [67] Coptic historian and miaphysite bishop Severus ibn al-Muqaffa (ca. List of Primates (bishops and patriarchs) of Antioch [82] By the end of the 19th century, 200,000 Syriac Orthodox Christians remained in the Middle East, most concentrated around Saffron Monastery, the Patriarchal Seat. Their liturgical language is the literary Syriac of Edessa, which they preserve as a living tongue; it is a close relative of the Aramaic spoken by Jesus Christ and his Apostles. The English term "Syrian" was used to describe the community of Syriacs in ancient Syria. While this rank exists, it is rarely awarded. [133], It is estimated that the church has 600,000 Syriac adherents, in addition to 2 million members of the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church and their own ethnic diaspora in India. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [31] In most languages besides English, a unique name has long been used to distinguish the church from the polity of Syria. The presence of the Syrian Orthodox faithful in America dates back to the late 19th century. [40][41][42][43], The church claims apostolic succession through the pre-Chalcedonian Patriarchate of Antioch to the Early Christian communities from Jerusalem led by Saint Barnabas and Saint Paul in Antioch, during the Apostolic era, as described in the Acts of the Apostles; "The disciples were first called Christians in Antioch" (New Testament, Acts 11:26). 3 Asia & Oceania. Hamniko or stole is worn over this white robe. 38: Sargius of Tella: 544-546 . Following St. Cyril of Alexandria (c. 375444), they believed that, through the mystery of the Incarnation, Christs humanity and divinity were equally present in one incarnate nature of the Word of God. The Syrian Christians severed relations with the Western churches, which had branded them monophysites, and set up their own patriarchs of Antioch in opposition to the Chalcedonian patriarchs, whom the Syrians called Melchites (Emperors Men). [162], The Knanaya Syriac Orthodox Church is an archdiocese under the guidance and direction of Archbishop Severious Kuriakose with the patriarch as its spiritual head. During World War I most Orthodox left Turkey, and their patriarch moved to Homs (1921) and then to Damascus (1957). He is the Head of the Holy Synod of the Syriac Orthodox Church, the highest authority of the Syriac Orthodox Church . The title bishop comes from the Greek word episkopos, meaning "the one who oversees". Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch Who We Are The patriarch must keep the Syriac Orthodox faith strong and work to preserve it.

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